Purpose: To highlight diagnostic challenges in patients with acquired vitelliform macular degeneration (AVMD) with subretinal fluid (SRF) and to examine the characteristics of image findings in patients with AVMD. Methods: In this retrospective review, the electronic medical record of 22 eyes of 16 patients with AVMD was studied. The rates of SRF, drusen, pigment epithelial detachment (PED), and patient clinical information such as age, length of follow-up, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were assessed. Results: The mean age at diagnosis with AVMD was 72 years with a mean follow-up time of 29 months. Median BCVA 20/33 at presentation and 20/33 at final follow-up. Drusen was found in 13 of 22 eyes (59. 1%), PEDs in 4 of 22 eyes (18. 2%), and SRF in 10 of 22 eyes (45. 5%) at some point during their follow-up. Of the 10 eyes with SRF, 70% were center involving, and recurrence occurred in 40%, all in the same location as the initial presentation of SRF. Three eyes received an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection for SRF. In 66% of cases receiving an injection, the fluid later relapsed and remitted without further injections during the course of follow-up. Conclusion: AVMD occurs in the same demographic as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and has many common features. SRF in AVMD tends to be center involving and recurs usually in the same location as its origin. The use of anti-VEGF injections did not seem to improve SRF in contrast to the SRF seen in wet AMD. Proper differentiation of AVMD may prevent unnecessary long-term treatment with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections.

We present the ophthalmic findings of a 57-yearold female with pseudoxanthoma elasticum who was initially diagnosed in her 20s after a biopsy of abnormal neck lesions. She began to develop visual problems decades later, but currently has no other related medical problems, including any evidence of coronary artery disease. Our patient complained of bilateral metamorphopsia but with preserved visual acuity of 20/25 in both eyes. In addition to the angioid streaks, the patient also had evidence of pigmentary changes at the posterior pole [Figures 1A–, 1B]. Optical coherence tomography imaging [Figures 1C–, 1F] revealed the presence of bilateral subretinal fluid, shaggy photoreceptors, and intraretinal hyperreflective material concentrated within the outer retina that was stable for five years [Figures 1 E & 1F]...

Purpose: To report the effect of topical bromfenac, a non-steroidal anti‑ inflammatory drug (NSAID), in a case of neovascular age‑ related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: An 85‑ year‑ old woman presented with a complaint of visual acuity reduction in the right eye. Comprehensive ophthalmological examination and retinal imaging were performed. Results: Best corrected visual acuity was 2/100. Fundus examination showed reticular pseudodrusen and a small hemorrhage in the fovea. Fluorescein angiography showed an active neovascular membrane. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD‑ OCT) confirmed diagnosis and revealed subretinal and intraretinal fluid. The patient refused recommended intravitreal anti‑ vascular endothelial growth factor treatment and received topical bromfenac 0. 09% twice daily. Follow‑ up with SD‑ OCT showed subretinal followed by intraretinal fluid reduction at 16 weeks after treatment. Conclusion: Short‑ term reduction of subretinal and intraretinal fluid was observed with topical bromfenac monotherapy in neovascular AMD.

Background and Objectives: Considering the fact that choroidotomy during scleral buckling is occasionally associated with some complications, this study was performed on patients at Tabriz Nikookari Hospital, to evaluate the efficacy of dry cautery in drainage of subretinal fluid during scleral buckling procedure. Materials and Methods: In a clinical trial, 36 eyes underwent scleral buckling for primary retinal detachment. After sclerotomy, choroid and retinal pigment epithelium were perforated by dry cautery, subretinal space was opened, and fluid drained from the hole. The success rate and all intra- and post-operative complications, followed at least for 3 months after operation; the statistical data were analyzed by McNemar's test. Results: This technique was successful for drainage in 31 (86%) of 36 eyes (p < 0.0001).  Operative and post-operative complications that are occasionally associated with the drainage of subretinal fluid, including subretinal hemorrhage, retinal break or incarceration in sclerotomy site, were not seen. Conclusion: The dry cautery after sclerotomy was used for successful subretinal fluid drainage and was not accompanied with any complications. We suggest performing this type of study in other centers and recommend reporting results to evaluate therapeutic role of this procedure.    

Purpose: To report a new case of isolated subretinal neovascularization and coloboma in a young man.Patient and findings: A 27-years-old man was referred with decreased visual acuity in his left eye. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed large retinochoroidal with subretinal hemorhage. Fluorescein angiography revealed a subretinal neovascular membrane adjacent to the coloboma. The visual acuity improved after treatment with laser photocoagulation.Conclusion: Subretinal neovascularization with retinochoroidal coloboma is very rare, but in patients with retinochoroidal coloboma with decreased vision, subretinal neovascularization should be considered, and photocoagulation should be done as soon as possible.